Incubating & Brooding Coturnix Quail
The internet would have you believe that incubating and brooding Coturnix quail is difficult. I’m here to let you in on a secret… it’s not. Forget fumigation and floating techniques. It’s really no different than incubating a chicken egg. The only difference is that it takes less time and you might as well forget about candling. You simply pop your eggs in the incubator and start the clock (well, if you have an egg turner, otherwise you do have to turn them).
Incubating Coturnix Quail Eggs
Coturnix quail go from being an egg to laying eggs in 8-9 weeks. Crazy, right? The first 17 days are spent incubating and days 18 and sometimes 19 are spent hatching. Much like chickens, there is no calendar in that egg, so quail chicks may begin to arrive as early as day 16 and as late as day 20. If you have chicks hatching before or after that window, you will want to confirm that your humidity and temperatures in the incubator are accurate.
Temperature and Humidity
Humidity levels are one of the first issues with incubating your Coturnix quail eggs. Less is more. In fact, many people have great success doing a dry incubation with their quail eggs. If you choose a humid incubation, aim for 45% humidity for the first 15 days and increase to 65% for the final three days.
For temperatures, quail eggs incubate at a similar temperature to chicken eggs. If you are running a still air model incubator, aim for a temperature of 102ºF and rotate the eggs around the incubator when you turn them. In a forced air model incubator, aim for a temperature of 100ºF.
Turning Your Quail Eggs
If you do not have an egg turner (which is a highly recommended investment if you plan to hatch quail eggs with any regularity), eggs need to be manually turned at least three times a day, though five times is better. Marking one side of the egg with an X and the other side with O makes it easier to confirm you’ve turned them all.
Candling Quail Eggs
Although you can try to candle as early as day 6, I personally never could see anything and stopped looking. My method is to let them sit in their turner until day 15 and just let them do their thing. On day 15, when I remove them from their turner for hatching, I hold them in my hand for a moment or up to my ear. The shells are very thin and often you can hear or feel them moving inside. I also noticed that infertile eggs weigh noticeably less than fertile eggs. Of course, if you are unsure, just let them stay in for the duration. Quail eggs have less risk of exploding than chicken eggs.
Hatching Day for Quail
I had read that hatch day was like watching popcorn popping in the microwave. Not much happens and then all of a sudden they all get popping out at once. There is some validity to that, but it’s not 100% accurate. There are always a few that are early to the party as well as several that are late to arrive. The ones in the middle do seem to go from unpipped to out at a startling rate. I’ve looked in and seen no action whatsoever and then an hour later looked in to find a dozen running around. Quick little buggers they are.
Once everyone is hatched and fluffy, it’s time to move on to brooding. Remember to have your brooder set up several hours in advance so it has time to warm before the chicks need to be moved.
Brooding Coturnix Quail Chicks
Much like the incubation process, brooding Coturnix quail is not any more difficult than brooding chicken chicks. I think people get nervous because the chicks are so tiny. I’ll admit that it seems a lot could go wrong with a chick the size of a half dollar coin. The biggest fear I had was making sure none had died and I hadn’t noticed. Quail are usually hatched in large batches and it’s a challenge to count 50 chicks that look exactly the same. Mine are grown now and I still have trouble doing head counts.
Brooder Size
You may think that a brooder for such a tiny bird could be small, and you’d be correct for about a day. Coturnix quail do everything quickly and growing is no exception. Although they will look dwarfed in a large brooder for the first day, by the end of the first week, they’ll be wing to wing. Your Coturnix quail will look considerably different at the end of the day than they did when you woke up that morning. 6″ square per bird is adequate, but the larger the better.
Food and Water
As with any chick, feed and water need to be made available at all times. Water containers need to have marbles or rocks in them for the first week to prevent drowning. After the first week, any shallow water container will work. Quail need to be fed a high protein feed to keep up with their rapidly growing bodies. I like to use turkey/gamebird starter for the first 4 weeks, which is 28% protein content. Unfortunately, it’s hard to find this starter in mash consistency. It often comes in crumbles, which is too large for quail chicks. I purchased a coffee grinder at a thrift store and use that to grind the crumbles for the first two weeks. After two weeks, the quail seem to be able to handle the size of crumbles.
Proper Brooding Temperatures
Temperature needs for brooding Coturnix quail seem to vary depending on the time of year and where you live. The general consensus is that they should be kept at 95ºF for the first week and lowered by 5º each week. I’ve successfully gotten away with less. Most texts say that you need to keep lowering the temperature weekly until the brooder temperature is the same temperature as where you will be housing them, but I haven’t found that to be true.
Moving Your Quail Outdoors
I removed the heat at three weeks old (so they were at 65-70ºF) and moved our quail outdoors at four weeks old. I had a heat lamp on in their outdoor housing and none of them used it, even on colder days. In fact, on their 5th day outside it was raining cats and dogs and they were out in the rain scratching for goodies. I think they are hardier than people give them credit for.
Regardless of where you live or what time of year it is, your Coturnix quail will be ready for their new home by 5 weeks. They’ll also be preparing to start laying at that same time. Check back for our post on housing and laying.
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Thanks for the article, we just got our first batch of coturnix quail hatching today. Quail eggs will be a great addition to our farm/homestead. They sure do pump out the eggs from what I’ve read.
Good morning from Belize (and apparently 5 years after you wrote this, so I don’t actually expect a response, but we’ll see!) I breed curassowa and other endangered gamebirds for release back into the wild. I recently acquired some quail which of course are now laying- already using a hova bator and hand turning, my actual question is do you/can you introduce chicks that are now ready for outdoor life into an enclosure with adult birds? I don’t with curassows as adults are aggressive and just too big, and of course I never do ioth laying hens, but if it works for quail, I won’t need to construct yet another enclosure! David
I can’t speak for all quail but I can say for Japanese Coturnix like I have, adding birds that are 5-6wks old has worked fine for me as long as they are not males added to a male’s enclosure. I only let males live with other males they grew up with and without females. When you add females, they begin to get territorial and can be aggressive toward each other.
I have all my males housed together with the girls, a little fighting at first but nothing to worry about. The fighting stops after a little while, they all work out who’s trouble and who’s not.
Hey, I am a teen and am thinking about hatching eggs and selling chicks to make some money. What would you recommend I do to start? I have raised quail before and am somewhat familiar with them but have never hatched them myself. Please help, thanks!
Just get a good incubator and fertile eggs and it’s that easy good luck I Ben raising them for 2 years now they are very fun birds and easy to hatch and sell good luck to ya Jim Graff Portland maine
my daughter has been incubating 30 quail eggs, but we are now on a week or so over the hatch date. She realized about a week in that she didn’t have the temp high enough, but only by a few degrees. She insists they are still growing, but I am not so sure – can you answer that question? None of them have hatched. We are using an incubator that turns the eggs but the humidity has been harder to control, going anywhere from 37% to 45%. Thank you in advance – any help is appreciated!
Candle them. Set on flashlight and look inside for a bird
whats does this even mean..
I fell into quail by a fluke of luck. Last year, a member of our poultry group announced he had some ready and I opted for 4 chicks. Not knowing anything about them, I failed that clutch miserably. This year my quail keeping is much different and I am keeping 20 at this time and am starting to incubate eggs. My first hatch resulted in 8 out of 21 eggs. I’d like to improve this number and hatch as many as possible. Like you, I have a small piece of property and am working towards my homesteading goals a little at a time. Thank you for sharing your expertise. I appreciate the data you’ve included in this article!
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Hi,
We’ve successfully hatched 10 quails, the only problem we’re having now is we’ve moved them to a brooder from the incubator once they were all fluffy. The temperature is around 35c there’s shallow water and food yet they seem to be getting weak. We’ve dipped their beaks in the water so they don’t dehydrate and they’ve been eating. What could be the problem?
Mine don’t eat at first, they have a reserve of yolk in their system from the egg. I’ll bet they eat in a day!
How do you take care of them in the Winter?
you bring them inside.
Hi I have botj common quail and the white bobwhites in at the same time.
I read online that its good to keep the humidity up to 60% for the jumbo breeds. So its been between 55-60% from day one. They are now on day 15. Do you think they will be fine? Wont drawn? The temp is set at 98.5 f. Thanks for your help!
Do i need to raise the humidity?
I also read that bobwhites and california quail hatch on day 22-23. Is that true?
Thank you!
Irrespective of breed type, they need lower humidity during incubation so the air sac grows larger and they have air to breath between internal pip and external pip (when they breath outside air). Higher humidity prevents the air sac from growing larger. Check out Coturnix Corner on YouTube or Slightly Rednecked. These two people have a lot of experience and I’m sure will answer any questions you have. I learnt about lower vs higher humidity from Coturnix Corner.
Also, while it’s too late for the OP, everyone should know that 98* is too low – bump that up to 100*.
Hi Jessica,
Recently I bought Hova Bator 1602N, I started incubating my question is on the top of the incubator RED vents do I need to remove or keep it.
Please let me know.
Thanks in advance.
You add or remove them based on the humidity in your incubator. If you notice it’s too dry, add them. If the humidity is too high, remove them. Keep an eye on the temperatures while you do this.
Hi there nice to meet you I am a beginner for raising quial I have read all your suggestion for incubating quial eggs thank you very much.
I want to incubate quail eggs but i’m not sure what kind of incubator I should get they can range from under $20 to $200 and i’ve never hatched eggs before nor has anyone that I know so could you please tell what kind of incubator you have and where I can get one from that would be very helpful
Hi! I ordered an incubator off of amazon. It looked like this http://amzn.to/2s8Rrug
Enjoy!
I tried the cheap styrofoam ones from tractor supply, my chickens hatched but my pheasants died. I splurged and got a Brinsea 28. Every egg I’ve put in so far has hatched. It turns them controls humidity. It’s great! My quail are in now. Can’t wait to see them.
Can you help me my quail eggs are in an automatic turner do i just pull the plug from the turner on day 15 and leave eggs pointed down in trays or lay them on there side on bottom and remove yellow turner my 1st time
You have to keep going with the heat and bring humidity up. Definitely take the turner out and lay them on the bottom. Don’t have to be standing up.
Okay so I am about to start hatching my very first Quail that are flying in from across Canada. I have thought about making my own incubator since its worked for my friend apparently. But I need help on one piece of information…
My friend says to leave the eggs alone for the incubating period yet 90% of people say that you MUST turn the eggs everyday. She said that her eggs would go bad everytime she opened the incubator. I’m so conflicted with this info. Will my Quail eggs die if I open the incubator to turn the eggs???
I always turn mine, but I have an automatic turner, so that might be why it’s successful. I wonder if having the lid off to turn all those tiny eggs by hand is why your friend doesn’t have much luck.
Do eggs need to rest in the incubator before turning it the unit on to its 100degree temperature
Some say you should, but I’ve never had that problem. If they were shipped, I’d err on the side of caution and let them rest for 24 hours.
Thanks for the reply and help!
Hey Jessica I have the same incubator as you, and I have 2 different readings on 2 dye thermometers at 101 on the one side of the bator and than 99 on the opposite side, while the middle hygrometer is reading 97.9 directly in the centre under the fan… Its been running for over 24 hours.. How do I calibrate so that it distributes evenly ?
If you have a fan in place, you’ve done all you can. Mother Nature isn’t perfect and neither are incubators, unfortunately. That isn’t a huge extreme. If you’re turning by hand, try rotating the eggs around the incubator. If you are worried that it really will cause a problem (though I don’t think it will), you can cut cord grooves in all four corners (you know how there’s one in the back right already). That way you can rotate the base daily and the lid will still shut.
Okay, so you think those temp difference should be fine? I’m using my automatic egg turner, I figured Id rotate the eggs from left to right through the middle every 3 days or so when I added water. I just worried the middle may be to cold
I think you should be okay.
Hey, from all my reading and from what it even says with the hovabator, the quail eggs take roughly 21 days to hatch. My question is, what day should i remove the quail from the egg turner ? and also, if I’m picking my eggs up, is it recommended to turn my incubator off before they go in leave them in the egg turner for 6-8 hours before turning it back on for them to acclimate to the higher temp?
I’ve never had them take that long (even 19 days is rare). I’d still take them out of the turner on day 15. They chances of them sticking before hatch is very unlikely.
When you remove them from the turner are you basically just removing the turner from the incubator and placing the eggs back in?
I had 22 eggs in the incubator 1 hatched on day 17 on day 18..this is day 19 and still no more chicks..I know there were chicks in all of them..these eggs were left at cool room temperature for about 3 weeks befor going to incubator..do you think He rest will hatch?feeling anxious
While it’s no uncommon for eggs to hatch as late as day 19 (usually because the temperature is set too low and it delayed hatching), my concern is the age of the eggs. We try to collect eggs for no more than 5 days before getting them in the incubator. Three weeks will seriously reduce hatchability.
Is there any specific incubator you recommend for Coturnix quail?
I have the Hova Bator with fan and I’ve had great results from everything from duck eggs to quail eggs. I highly recommend using an egg turner with quail. They unusually come with racks for chickens and ducks, but you can get quail rails separately.
Ok! I have a Little Giant still air incubator but I can buy the fan, egg turner, and quail rail attachments no problem 🙂
Also, I can’t seem to find this info anywhere. Maybe I’m searching wrong. Is there a way to store eggs so I can incubate them all at the same time? Say, 1 week of eggs going in at the same time, so I’m not trying to separate 2-3 eggs for lockdown each day?
With duck and chicken eggs you rotate them daily and store them at room temperature. I don’t worry so much with my quail eggs. I just keep them in an egg carton and give them a little tilt from time to time until I’m ready to put them in the incubator. No matter how far apart they were laid, day 1 of incubating will still be 24 hours after putting them in the incubator. Just keep in mind that hatch-ability declines after 5 days.
I have d 2 quail hatch this am.still 12 left to hatch .is it OK to put od in the incubator and leave the 2 chicks in there and for how long. will the humidity hurt the 2 chicks?
The humidity won’t hurt the chicks, it will just prevent them from fully drying which isn’t a big deal if they are put right into a warm brooder when removed. I leave chicks up to 24 hours, especially if only a couple have hatched. It’s best to move a minimum of 4-5 so they can huddle in the brooder if they need to.
I have just started with i first hard 10 3 weeks birds . I know have 400 day old chicks they have started purging just after the 2nd night , what is the cause?
Just starting out with Coturnix, have only 5, not even sure of the male/female ratio. They lay 3 eggs everyday and I would like to incubate and brood. What would you recommend for equipment? Thanks.
Hey Jessica! Attempting my first hatch in a still air incubator with hand turning. I am on day 19 with a couple wiggly eggs but no chicks yet. I was going to chuck the lot as I thought maybe they were bad but when I picked up the one I swore was wiggling yesterday there was a small hole through which I could see the chick’s side moving as it breathed. I put it back and thought the one beside it was wiggling too. I had trouble with the incubator the first couple days, so maybe that delayed the hatch? And is it normal for that one egg to have a hole in the shell with the chick still inside? At what point/day do I just consider the whole thing a failure? Thanks!
Don’t begin to worry yet. Still air incubators can cause cold spots which are made worse by opening the incubator. Hands off for the next 24 hours and see what happens.
I now have 2 chicks so far. Still a little worried that in about 6 hours we will begin day 21 and I haven’t turned the eggs since day 14 but since a couple have hatched so maybe not a big deal? The first one to “zipper” the shell got stuck like that for more than 12 hours and when I finally investigated it was on it’s back in the shell – which had dried around it. I cracked it open just a little and put it belly side down and the next time I checked it had finally busted out. Poor little thing seems really exhausted though. Since they don’t all hatch at the same time how long/many days should I wait to see if the others hatch? Oh, and browsed your site for hours yesterday – thanks for all the information!
I’d give them until day 21. Do you know how to float test eggs to see if they’re alive? Fill a glass with warm water (not hot) and gently place an egg in the water (making sure the egg hasn’t pipped). If it sinks it’s not viable. If it floats watch it for a moment to see if it wiggles. If it floats but doesn’t move it’s probably not viable.
We just hatched our first 5 on day 18. Still have 45 left to hatch. So you leave them in the incubator for 24 to 48 hours. Do you put food and water in the incubator for them? I have searched the internet and I can’t find anything.
No food and water in the incubator, just in the brooder. They absorb the yolk just before hatching and that provides nourishment that will last for up to 3 days.
the yolk last them 24 hours not 3 days :/ , you can put water in the incubator from when the 1st one hatches ( i know breeders that have been doing it for years) please before giving any adice out, you do your research….
– Texas A&M University, Department of Poultry Science
Of course they live up to 3 days off the yolk. How else would they survive shipment?
You just contradicted yourself. First you say only 24 ours and not 3 days and then you say “of course they live off the yolk for 3 days. I am glad that the information from Texas A&M is the bible for research and facts. I thing you are the one that needs to get the facts straight. No wonder there is so much confusion with this hobby. There is an abundance of incorrect information given out by people who do not have their facts straight and then with You Tube videos it is a nightmare watching what they do to the poor innocent chicks.
Is there any difference in incubating A&M jumbo’s and regular cortunix?
No, they are the same except for bloodlines and selective breeding.
Hi there, hoping you might have some advice on hatching quail – we have hatched a little batch of 14, and 9 have hatched so far – they are running around inside the incubator but looking very damp still, though two hatched last night (at least 18 hours ago) – there is condensation on the inside plastic window of the mini incubator, should we maybe wipe it dry, clean out the damp paper, and put them back in to fluff up? It is a still air incubator and I don’t understand how they are supposed to get fluffy in high humidity?! Any advice would be greatly appreciated, thanks for your no fuss advice above 🙂
Congratulations on your hatch! It sounds like your humidity may have climbed a bit, which is normal when there are a bunch of wet chicks running around. Happens to me almost every time. Do you have a humidity gauge in there with them? What I suggest is removing a few plugs from the incubator (if it has them) or tilting the just a bit to release a bit of the humidity. Just make sure you are checking the thermometer and changing it as necessary. Often when you vent to release humidity, the temperature will lower. Let me know how it goes and don’t hesitate to ask more questions.
Thank you for getting back to me so quickly! I had 14 hatch and after 24 hours I moved them to the brooder and two more habe hatched since then. Unfortunately one is upside down in the rail with this wings and head through the hole at the bottom. Do you have any advice on getting him out?
I was out of town and got to day 16 with my egg turner still in the incubator, walked in the door ran in to check. One was hatched and fluffy. The second one was like Cynthia’s stuck in the vents of the bottom of the egg turner. I carefully removed the bird by pushing him through. All he needed to do was tuck his wing in to make it. Luckily they are both healthy and I’m waiting for the other 46 to hatch. I think the first two hatched late on the 15th day.
I’m so glad it turned out well. Even with seemingly nothing that could cause issues, I always have one that gets stuck somewhere (usually it gets stuffed under the thermometer and needs rescuing). Good luck with the remainder of your hatch.
Thanks for the article! I have a question today is day 16 and I have 48 eggs in my incubator and two hatched today. Do I remove those birds after 18 to 24 hours and wait for more to hatch? (hopefully more will hatch)
I would wait 48 hours from when the first hatched and then pull out any that are fluffy. Congratulations on your chicks!
I’ve been thinking about adding quail for a couple of years now. I think reading your stuff may be the turning point.
Thanks
They really are great little birds. I feel like I’m becoming a quail pusher lol.
Raising the Corturnix was a fun experience. I’m currently raising Bobwhites and that has been so different., loving it and finding out with each breed they are so different. Great tips, I don’t incubate going to let the girls do it for me. Love it when nature takes control.
Hope you have a great July 4th
Carole
Thanks Carole! Happy fourth to you as well (is it just me or did it sneak up on us?)
I have raised many Quail… big secret they can’t eat starter feed. Put it into a coffee mill and grind it down to the consistency of powder and put on a plastic lid in the box they will figure it out… water put marbles in to the water so they can’t walk or fall in… they grow so fast after a week they are ready for the started and regular waters
Is that why people keep quail – because they lay eggs so fast? Is it for eating? I’ve never researched quail so I’m completely ignorant – help!
They are often kept for meat and eggs. The reason why quail are gaining popularity is because of the quick turn around for both of these. Also, with a more majestic and less obnoxious crow, people are able to keep breeding stock without annoying the neighbors.